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- Personal Background
- Fund Background
- Technology and Algos
- Big Picture
Description of Firm:
C-View has been in the currency investment management business for more than 11 years and currently offers currency managed accounts and a currency fund. The company is located about 25 miles north of London. In addition to currencies, we’re in the process of developing a hedge fund program. Our investors are exclusively institutional, with a wide mix of pension funds and funds of funds investments from Europe and North America, as well as Asia to a lesser extent.
Structure of Trading Operations:
We have three portfolio managers who have complementary and some overlapping skills. Jonathan Webb, one of the other portfolio managers, and I are more orientated toward the medium-term portfolios, particularly minor and major currencies. Jim Thompson, our third portfolio manager, is more short-term and tactical in approach and concentrates a fair amount on major currency cross-currencies. Those portfolio managers are supplemented by a two-man execution team, which has limited trading authority, in order to assist in executing our portfolio strategies and work on some short-term strategies.
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Trading Style:
We’re fundamental and discretionary in our approach; without sounding too facile, what we like doing is buying good currencies and selling bad ones. We prefer to be long in those currencies for which the trade and current account is in surplus, the inflationary and political environment is robust, and the budgetary disciplines are good, and we like to be short in those currencies for which the opposite is true. However, we really tease our research toward looking for opportunities on a relative-value basis. In other words, we’re more interested in the relative value of the Thai bhat against the Singapore dollar as opposed to whether the dollar is going up or down against the whole of Asia. We’re also pretty active traders — our approach is to supplement portfolio positioning in the medium term with shorter-term trading in the more liquid currencies, predominantly the majors.
Assets Under Management:
Approximately $500 million.
Trading Volume:
Approximately $350 million a day.
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INTERNATIONAL TRADING
Does the firm trade internationally?
We trade a total of 30 different currencies — those currencies for which there is a sizable daily liquid market.
What are the challenges of trading globally?
The answer to that question even five years ago — much less 11 years ago — would be very different than it is now. The simple reality is it’s a lot easier now. One of things we luxuriate in and use comprehensively is working with the banks’ electronic order books and order boards, so we’re much better able to manage our orders and manage our processes 24 hours a day. A shifting characteristic of the market is that, with the accumulation of very large reserves in some of the countries in Asia, and with people having a greater number and size of transactions to execute sometimes in that time zone, we’re finding an increased tendency toward more interesting market moves during the European nighttime. So that’s one area in which we’re starting to look at more-automated processes to allow us to take advantage of those situations from an aggressive standpoint, as opposed to just defending our positions. And it’s one area in which we are going to be using more algorithmic approaches or trader replication to achieve that.
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Professional Background:
Prior to setting up C-View, I was global head of foreign exchange at Bank of America; I was at the bank for 11 years and had that role for the last four years. At that stage, I had the dubious pleasure of having 23 dealing rooms and 400 people working for me — “dubious” because my enthusiasm really is for managing money more than people. So we set up C-View with the philosophy that it is possible, with the right risk disciplines and risk philosophies, to embrace a fair amount of currency strategy and proprietary risk taking without necessarily having the substantial infrastructure that comes with a banking organization.
Day-to-Day Responsibilities:
I’m the founder and chief investment officer, so most of my time is taken up with working with the other portfolio managers in managing the overall remit and looking at the overall structure of our exposures. I also spend part of my time talking to existing and potential investors.
Education:
In addition to senior school qualifications, I have also gained a series of Institute of Bankers qualifications. However, currency trading from a discretionary standpoint is a discipline best learned through actual trading experience.
Fun Fact
Our location — we’re in a delightful semirural location. We’re extremely flattered that people from all over the world take the trouble to traipse out here. It’s really a testament to the way the world has changed with regard to the electronic transmission of information that we can operate from a location like this.
TECHNOLOGY
Technology Environment
Virtually everything we do in trading is done electronically. There still are a very few bilateral conversations we have over the phone. We’ve developed processes whereby all that activity is automated so that we have straight-through processing from electronic trading applications into our operating system, and we employ a hub-and-spoke arrangement through a prime broker. Having that simple and automated structure allows us to undertake a fairly high level of activity without the huge need for a vast operational resource. That process has been supplemented by the results of some work we have done with one particular software provider to the foreign exchange industry, Trianna, to build a confirmation matching system at the account level. So not only do we have automation at the gross level of executed trades, we also have automation with regard to the reconciliation of each separately managed account. Added to this and by virtue of the fact that we work very closely with our prime broker, Deutsche Bank, in development of automation, we are able to undertake all of our trading and portfolio management with a back office of only five people in total.
Buy vs. Build Strategy
The majority of things that we undertake on the trading and research side are proprietary in nature. When it comes to the operational side, we are the world’s greatest believer in outsourcing. If we can acquire a facility that can be used operationally, it means that we don’t necessarily require an in-house resource to develop it, especially if this can be undertaken in an efficient and streamlined fashion. We’re much more keen to use our acumen at the thing that’s more important, which is investor return generation.
Who ultimately is responsible for the firm's technology?
Our business manager, Peter Knowles. He’s responsible for our technology, but the senior portfolio managers get very involved in trading and execution technology, especially when we see the prospect of an improvement in spread, liquidity or market access. From the operational side, Peter is responsible for our business development as well as our risk management.
Use of Crossing Networks
We use a variety of single-bank platforms with those banks with which we have comprehensive relationships and we see that their pricing is good. But we also recognize that we have a duty and responsibility, and an opportunity, to access the market in the most effective way to get the best execution price for all of our investors by virtue of our hub-and-spoke relationship with our prime brokers. That being the case, we use, in particular, FXall, as well as some of the other multibank platforms, to aggregate the best bids and offers from a variety of liquidity providers on the banking side. We find that process to be more than useful. It allows us, in some cases, to be involved on a relatively short-term basis in some currencies that otherwise would be difficult to do if we were reliant on single-bank spreads and single-bank platforms. And we’re also finding that developments in that direction are continuing apace. A number of the multibank platforms that we use give you only limited access to a number of banks at once, but we’re finding more and more of the 19 executing banks with which we work are prepared to deliver to us via direct APIs to allow us to assemble all of their pricing together at the same place, in effect internally. So we’re moving from just having single-bank platforms and multibank access points to developing our own facility that allows us to aggregate pricing across a really wide variety of providers.
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ALGORITHMS & BROKERAGE SERVICES
Use of Algorithms
We don’t use them for direct trading strategies. However, we recognize that the implementation and development of certain algorithmic processes in the currency world has done something to change the landscape and the pace of movement of exchange rates — much as the implementation of technical analysis and technical trading did 10 or 15 years ago. So irrespective of the fact that we operate from a fundamental and discretionary standpoint, we are finding it a necessity to understand how these processes work in order to better understand the landscape. We do analyze some algorithmic processes, and we’re seeking to understand more of them. As we do, we’re looking at them very much from a trading perspective — that is, how they impact the market on a short-term basis. We realize that some currency operators are using these techniques to trade latency or slice and dice orders, but those processes do not apply to us. We’re much more interested in trying to replicate what a competent trader or trading risk management structure does on an automated basis.
Is the implementation of these algorithms an in-house process?
Yes. We’re in the process of adding to our competence — particularly at the front end — to allow for some of these processes. We prefer to develop processes that are particular to ourselves.
Prime Brokers
Deutsche Bank and UBS, and we’re likely going to be using Citibank for our hedge fund program.
How do you determine which brokers receive your order flow?
The reality is that every one of our orders is based upon price. By virtue of using a number of single-bank and multibank platforms, we’re normally able to access the best bids and the best offers for all of our investors. Of course — and it happens more frequently with some of the major currencies for which spreads are very tight and everyone has a similar or the same price — we do have the luxury of making the distinction between those people who help us with research, prime brokerage or other services by angling transactions toward them when prices are the same.
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BIG PICTURE
Biggest trading opportunities for the firm?
The rise and development, and regulatory and economic structuring, of some of the New World Order countries — such as India, China, Brazil and Turkey — as well as some fairly familiar territory in Europe, have been presenting good opportunities and continue to do so. With the Eastern European currencies, the move toward integration of some of those countries into the euro is a similar process to that which we saw with the Mediterranean countries in the late ‘80s and early ‘90s, right through to the formation of the euro.
Difference between trading for an alternative investment firm vs. trading for a traditional asset manager?
The first and primary difference revolves around whether a trader needs the information flow that can be luxuriated in by being in a large dealing room. Some traders find the buzz such that being detached from it makes for a struggle. The other side to that is risk management competencies — a good proprietary trader will have, out of necessity, risk management processes that are characteristic of the organization and the risk appetite of the organization. On the buy side, it’s not really a matter of the organization; it’s a matter of the investor. We have to make sure we have the right degree of harmonization of risk approach and risk disciplines for our investors, and those processes are inviolate. Our portfolio managers all have a great degree of maturity and discipline, and so does our risk-management process.
What is the most challenging aspect of your job?
Finding noncorrelated opportunities. That, and something else I alluded to earlier: We’re familiar with currency markets changing and evolving over time, but the implementation of algorithmic processes, and particularly those that involve more buy-side markets being involved, is probably the biggest challenge. Why? The landscape in the foreign exchange market used to be (until about three to five years ago) one in which the banks were the vastly predominant influence in market making. They had the sense of client service, if you like, to be price maker of last resort. A number of the processes being implemented now, however, are from a buy-side perspective that is algorithmically driven and feels no such sense of responsibility. And that changing landscape is one of the reasons we are looking at how we understand some of those processes, because it’s changing the way short-term markets in particular are operating.
Major Industry Trend
Our markets have become more correlated — not just within the currency space, but across equity and bond markets as well. If markets are in risk-seeking mode, it tends to be that the whole gamut of emerging currencies, equities, etc., do reasonably well. And the opposite also is true — if the markets are in risk-aversion mode, then it tends to be that the same processes are applied across all markets. The challenge now is to find good relative-value opportunities.
Interview Conducted by Randall Devere, Contributing Writer
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